A Matter of Jurisdiction: “Guelfs” and “Ghibellines” in the French Wars of Religion

Gallicans like Montaigne construed the confessional struggle as a problem of jurisdiction between Crown and Pope. When he quipped “to Ghibelline I was Guelph, to Guelph Ghibelline”, thus not intimating that appeared “Protestant” Catholic side “Catholic” Protestant one. Instead, used these terms in their historical sense, designating division citramontane supporters king ultramontane pope. Between anti-tolerant anti-pacifist Leaguers tolerant-pacifist Politiques lay third option, but pacifist Gallicans.